hormones

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Definition:
A chemical substance that is manufactured and released in one part of the body and affects other parts of the body. Gen Psych, CH 2, pp.58

Examples:
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Analogies:
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Mnemonics:
"Fools Looting Alexandria Grow Horns, Provoking Tears" renders follicle-stimulating [|hormone] (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (P), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

< span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"> Read more: [|How to Memorize the Hormones of the Pituitary Gland | eHow.com] [|http://www.ehow.com/how_5739242_memorize-hormones-pituitary-gland.html#ixzz230l1iQo6]

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In the News:

 * Hormone 'Ratio' May Show Which Dieters Will Keep Weight Off **

< span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- Losing weight, as any dieter knows, is often the easy part. Keeping it off can be the bigger challenge. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Now Spanish researchers say they have come up with a formula to predict who might be most likely to succeed: Measuring the ratio between the levels of two hormones that regulate weight //before// a diet begins can predict who might regain the lost pounds later.

< span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Figuring out an individual dieter's chances of success could help experts tailor a weight-loss program to a patient's particular hormonal makeup and hopefully combat their tendency to regain weight, said Ana Crujeiras Martinez, an obesity researcher at the University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Martinez looked at leptin, a hormone made by cells found in fat tissues that tells the body when it has had enough to eat. She also looked at ghrelin, the so-called hunger hormone. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">"We have previously demonstrated that patients who regained the lost weight induced by an eight-week diet have different levels of leptin and ghrelin before the beginning of the dietary program than those who maintained the lost body weight," she said. "These results suggest the existence of two different populations of patients according to the leptin and ghrelin levels, which could condition the outcomes." < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">In the new study, the researchers looked at the leptin/ghrelin ratio as a tool to identify those more likely to regain lost weight. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">In the study, Martinez evaluated 88 overweight or obese men and women with an average age of 35. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">The subjects fasted and then gave blood samples so their leptin and ghrelin levels could be measured, and then followed a reduced-calorie diet for eight weeks. Their weight losses during that period were recorded. Following up six months later, the researchers found that 40 patients had regained the weight and 48 had not. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Before the diet, those who regained the weight had a ratio of leptin to ghrelin that was two times higher than those who did not. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">The researchers also identified cut-off points, which predicted more than 60 percent of the time which patients would regain 10 percent or more of the initial lost weight. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">"Leptin and ghrelin are two hormones that are usually measured in a regular clinical laboratory," Martinez said. "Therefore, any doctor can order the measurement of these hormones and then calculate the ratio of leptin to ghrelin." < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">She presented the findings Sunday at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Houston. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Dr. Richard Atkinson, a longtime obesity researcher at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, said, "This is interesting from a research perspective, but it is not going to be useful for dieters." < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Because the test identified only about 60 percent of those who would regain weight, he says it is "hardly better than flipping a coin, and is expensive to boot." < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">"It may lead to more research that may allow better prediction of responders versus non-responders," he said. At the moment, however, he does not see it as a major advance. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Doctors have known for some time that leptin and ghrelin are both important in regulating obesity, he noted. < span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em;">Data and conclusions presented at meetings should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed medical journal.

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