Stages+of+Psychosocial+Development

= = = Definition: =

Erikson's eight developmental stages for the entire life span; each is defined by a conflict that must be resolved satisfactorily for healthy personality development to occur. Gen Psych Chapter 8, pp. 250-252

= Examples: = Conflict faced: Trust vs. Mistrust Important Events: Feeding Outcome: Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
 * Stage 1:** Infancy (birth to 18 months)

Conflict faced: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Important Events: Toilet training Outcome: Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
 * Stage 2:** Early Childhood (2 to 3 years)

Conflict faced: Initiative vs. Guilt Important Events: Exploration Outcome: Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
 * Stage 3:** Preschool (3 to 5 years)

Conflict Faced: Industry vs. Inferiority Important Events: School Outcome: Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
 * Stage 4:** School Age (6 to 11 years)

Conflict Faced: Identity vs. Role Confusion Important Events: Social relationships Outcome: Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
 * Stage 5:** Adolescence (12 to 18 years)

Conflict Faced: Intimacy vs. Isolation Important Events: Relationships Outcome: Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
 * Stage 6:** Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years)

Conflict Faced: Generativity vs. Stagnation Important Events: Work and parenthood Outcome: Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
 * Stage 7:** Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years)

Conflict Faced: Ego Integrity vs. Despair Important Events: Reflection on life Outcome: Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
 * Stage 8:** Maturity (65 to death)

Erikson's point of view was that a person had to resolve a crisis at each of the eight stages to truely develop a healthy personality. Having a healthy resolution doesnt always mean moving totally to the positive side try to keep this in mind.

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