Psychosexual+Stages

Definition:
A series of stages through which the sexual instinct develops; each stage is defined by an erogenous zone around which conflict arises. Gen Psych, Chapter 11, p. 353 the process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal stage and then phallic stage and then latency stage and finally genital stage

Related to:
HGD References Pages 27-28, 31, 46 Ch 2 Page 148 Ch 6 infancy Pages 208, 214 Ch 8 early childhood Page 278 Ch 10 middle childhood Page 341 Ch 12 adolescence Page 556 Ch 19 late adulthood

Examples:
Stage 1: Oral Stage (0 - 1 year) - A child receives satisfaction by putting things in their mouth. Stage 2: Anal Stage (1 - 3 years) - The child is now aware they are in charge of making their own decisions. They also find pleasure from defecating. Stage 3: Phallic Stage (3 - 5/6 years) - The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences and sensitivity becomes concentrated in the genital areas leading to masturbation. Stage 4: Latency Stage (5/6 - puberty) - Most sexual impulses are repressed and replaced with things such as school, friends and other activities. Stage 5: Genital Stage (puberty - adult) - When adolescents experience sexual experimentation. As a result, individuals want to be in loving relationships with a partner.

Psychosexual stages is __part of__ Psychoanalytical Theories developed by Sigmund Freud


 * **Oral Stage**: Occurring during the first year of life, the child receives oral gratification by sucking at it’s mother’s breast. By doing so, the child receives both the nutrition and love it needs. Children who do not bond with a parent, or ones who do not receive proper nutrition may become orally fixated, possibly resulting in mistrust of others, fear, loss of love and relationship difficulties.
 * **Anal Stage**: The anal stage occurs during the second and third years of live, where the child becomes potty trained. During this period the child learns independence and personal power. A child who does not successfully complete this stage may feel inferior, and depend on others instead of themselves.
 * **Phallic Stage**: The child first begins to discover sexual desires. This often occurs during years three through six, where the child experiences unconscious desires for the opposite sex parent. This often resolves itself through wanting love and acceptance from the opposite sex parent. The child may also possess anxiety or fear from the same sex parent. For boys, it is known as the Oedipus complex, and for girls it is known as the Electra complex.
 * **Latency Stage**: With the trauma of the phallic stage over, the child moves from sexual desires to ones of belonging and acceptance from others. Interests in friends, school, and socialization are the main drives here. This stage often begins at six, and ends at puberty.
 * **Genital Stage**: Beginning, at puberty, the genital stage begins with a reawaking of sexual energy. This is a period where a child will likely form their sexual identity. The genital stage is the final stage, lasting until death. One of the main criticism of Freud is the lack of further stages.

Freud believed that a fixation at the anal stage, resulting from harsh parental pressure, could lead to an anal retentive personality--characterized by excessive stubbornness, rigidity, and neatness. Another example is that if there was a fixation at the oral stage, the adult could later have problems in the fields of optimism, gullibility, dependency, pessimism, passiviry, hostility, sarcasm, and aggression.

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Analogies:
According to Freud's psychosexual theory if you bite your nails you are stuck in the oral stage.

Salt, Sugar, Sex:" The deeper you go, the sweeter it gets." As one moves layers into the adrenal cortex, compounds that control salt (mineralcorticoids), sugar (glucocorticoids), and sex (weak androgens) are produced. Freud himself used the analogy of a military branch on the march. As the military branch advanced and became stronger, they would be destined to be confronted by conflict- aka battle. Each battle is considered a stage, metaphorically speaking, and the troops can be considered as the libido. As the troops won their battles, it can be compared to resolving the conflict in the psychosexual stages. As they win their battles, they are able to move to the next battle, but the greater the difficulty they encountered, the greater the need for troops to back up and fight. As a result, the fewer that will be able to go on to the next confrontation.

Mnemonics:
Mnemonic for the seperate stages: O ral, A nal, P hallic, L atency, G enital‍‍

ObjectAllPeopleLyingGreatly or OldAccomplishments (or actions, take your pick)PotentiallyLookGoofy

**G- Glasses**
=Story:= One day in boot camp a Drill Instructor **oral**ly assaulted me so I kicked his **butt**. It was **foul** play so they kicked me out and sent me home to my mom. I got there **late**, and to calm me down, me and my friends flew paper airplanes at the park. While at the park I met a girl named **Gina** and she became my girlfriend.

=Key elements:= Oral--oral Anal--I kick his butt Phallic--foul play, sent me home to my mom. Latency--late, to calm me down, me and my friends Genital--Gina, she became my girlfriend

In the News:
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Psychosexual Stages
 * Freud (1905)** proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of fixed stages.

Overview of Psychosexual Development According to [|Sigmund Freud], personality develops through a series of stages in which the the energies of the id are focused on certain erogenous areas. This psychosexual energy, or libido, was described as the driving force behind behavior.

Freud devised a series of stages by which a person enters at specific points in development. These stages occur in order, however a person can become stuck at a specific stage, called **fixiation**. []

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When a client begins sessions with a Psychoanalytic therapist, the client is encouraged to //free associate//, meaning to tell what they wish to tell about any topic. The therapist is distant, as to allow the client to give true insights about themselves without bias towards the therapist. While the therapist may wish to remain distant, the client may begin to transfer feelings about a person towards the therapist. This is called transference, and is a common result in Psychoanalytic theory. Usually the client will have //unfinished business// towards someone, and in turn may shift these feelings towards the therapist. A psychoanalytic therapist will look for transference during therapy and use it to get to the unconscious. The concept of transference is often present in modern psychology. ‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍[]

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